Parameterisation of the GNSS troposphere tomography domain with optimisation of the nodes’ distribution

Abstract Water vapour is a highly variable constituent of the troposphere; thus, its high-resolution measurements are great importance to weather prediction systems. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operationally used in estimation tropospheric state and assimilation results into models. One GNSS techniques troposphere sensing tomography which provides 3-D fields wet refractivity. tomographic have been successfully assimilated numerical models, showing potential this technique. can be based on two different approaches parameterisation model’s domain, i.e. block (voxel-based) or grid (node-based) approach. Regardless approach, domain should discretised, usually performed regular manner, with resolution depending mean distance between receivers. In work, we propose new approach optimisation nodes’ location, taking account non-uniform distribution information troposphere. experiment was using dense network 16 low-cost multi-GNSS receivers located Wrocław suburbs, 3 km. Cross-validation four presented. validation Weather Research Forecasting model as well radiosonde observations. improves refractivity by 0.5–2 ppm terms RMSE, especially for altitudes 0.5–2.0